Prabhat K. Andleigh
Kiran Thakrar

Published October, 1995 by Prentice Hall PTR (ECS Professional)

Copyright 1995, 640 pp.
Paper
ISBN 0-13-089095-2

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    Multimedia Systems-Computer Science

Informative as well as tutorial, this book explores the design of advanced multimedia systems in depth—the characteristics of multimedia systems, the design challenges, the emerging technologies that support advanced multimedia systems, design methodologies, and implementation techniques for converting the design to produce efficient, flexible, and extensive applications. Using coded modules to illustrate design aspects, it covers the underlying data management system, specialized hardware and software, and an advanced user interface—and presents a number of new concepts and methodologies. Defines an advanced distributed multimedia system and introduces the prominent technologies and design features that contribute to a good multimedia system. Presents the key technologies—input and output technologies, compression and decompression techniques, and storage technologies. Includes a detailed discussion of the architectural and design issues that determine the functionality and design strengths of a distributed multimedia system. Details an advanced design methodology for modeling the requirements and defining objects, and presents a step-by-step approach to multimedia systems design, along with real coded examples. For those involved in information systems and multimedia applications, especially in the design of advanced multimedia systems.




presents a detailed multimedia system modeling and design technology.
shows how to convert the design to produce efficient, flexible, and extensive applications using coded modules to illustrate design aspects.
considers object-oriented systems design.



(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a summary and exercises.)

1. Multimedia Systems Design: An Introduction.

Multimedia Elements. Multimedia Applications. Document Imaging Image Processing and Image Recognition. Full-Motion Digital Video Applications. Electronic Messaging. A Universal Multimedia Application. Multimedia Systems Architecture. High Resolution Graphics Display. The IMA Architectural Framework. Network Architecture for Multimedia Systems. Networking Standards. Evolving Technologies For Multimedia Systems. Hypermedia Documents. HDTV and UDTV. 3-D Technologies and Holography. Fuzzy Logic. Digital Signal Processing (DSP). Defining Objects For Multimedia Systems. Text. Images. Audio and Voice. Full-Motion and Live Video. Multimedia Data Interface Standards. File Formats for Multimedia Systems. Video Processing Standards. Microsoft AVI. The Need for Data Compression. Compression Standards. Non-Lossy Compression for Images. Lossy Compression for Photographs and Video. Hardware Versus Software Compression. Multimedia Databases. Multimedia Storage and Retrieval. Database Management Systems for Multimedia Systems. Database Organization for Multimedia Applications. Transaction Management for Multimedia Systems.

2. Compression and Decompression.

Types of Compression. Lossless Compression. Lossy Compression. Binary Image Compression Schemes. Packbits Encoding (Run-length Encoding). CCITT Group 3 1-D Compression. CCITT Group 3 2D Compression. CCITT Group 4 2D Compression. Color, Gray Scale, And Still-video Image Compression. B/W TV and Color Image Composition. Joint Photographic Experts Group Compression. Definitions in the JPEG Standard. Overview of JPEG Components. JPEG Methodology. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Quantization. Zigzag Sequence. Entropy Encoding. Video Image Compression. Requirements for Full- Motion Video Compression. CCITT H.261 Video Coding Algorithm (Px64). Moving Picture Experts Group Compression. MPEG Coding Methodology. Moving Picture Types. Macroblocks. Motion Compensation. MPEG-2. MPEG-2, "The Grand Alliance". Vector Quantization. Intel Indeo Technology. Apples QuickTime. Microsoft AVI. Intel DVI. Audio Compression. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. Fractal Compression.

3. Data and File Format Standards.

Rich-Text Format. TIFF File Format. TIFF Specification. TIFF Structure. TIFF Tags. TIFF Implementation Issues. Tiff Classes. Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF). RIFF Chunk with Two Subchunks. List Chunk. RIFF Waveform Audio File Format with INFO List Chunk. RIFF MIDI File Format. RIFF DIBs (Device-Independent Bitmaps). RIFF PALETTE File Format. RIFF Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) File Format. Index "idx1" Chunk. Boundary Condition Handling for AVI Files. MIDI File Format. MIDI Communication Protocol. Channel Messages. System Messages. JPEG DIB File Format for Still and Motion Images. JPEG Still Image. Jpeg Motion Image. JPEG AVI File Format with JPEG DIBs. AVI Indeo File Format. MPEG Standards. TWAIN. TWAIN Specification Objectives. Twain Architecture. New WAVE RIFF File Format. Setting Up New WAVE Types. Microsoft ADPCM Wave Type. CCITT Standard Companded Wave Types. DVI ADPCM Wave Type. Creative Labs ADPCM. Dolby Labs AC-2 Wave Type.

4. Multimedia Input/Output Technologies.

Key Technology Issues. Limitations of Traditional Input Devices. Display and Encoding Technologies. Resolution and Bandwidth Issues. Multimedia Input and Output Devices. Pen Input. Is Pen Mightier Than a Mouse and a Keyboard? How Does an Electronic Pen Work? The Electronic Pen. Digitizer. Pen Driver. Recognition Context Manager. Recognizor. Dictionary. Display Driver. Video and Image Display Systems. Display System Requirements. Display System Technologies. Display Performance Issues. Video Display Technology Standards. CRT Display System. Display Terminology. Flat Panel Display System. Print Output Technologies. Laser Printing Technology. Dye Sublimation Printer. Color Printer Technology Issues. Image Scanners. Types of Scanners. Scanner Form Factors. Scanning Mechanisms and Usage Issues. The Eyes of the Scanners Charge-Coupled Devices. CCD Color Capture. Image Enhancement Techniques. Image Manipulation. Scanner Features. Scanning Performance. Digital Voice And Audio. Digital Audio. Digital Voice. Voice Recognition Systems. Types Of Voice Recognition Systems. Voice Recognition System Performance. Voice Recognition Applications. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). MIDI Specification 1.0. MIDI Communication Protocol. MPC Specifications 1.0 and 2.0. Sound Board Architecture. Digital Camera. Why Digital Camera? Video Images and Animation. Video Frame Grabber Architecture. Video and Still Image Processing. Interframe Image Processing. Spatial Filter Processing. Frame Processing. Image Animation Techniques. Full-Motion Video. Video Cameras. Full-Motion Video Controllers. Video Capture Board Architecture. Performance Issues for Full-Motion Video.

5. Storage and Retrieval Technologies.

Magnetic Media Technology. Hard Disk Technology and History. Magnetic Storage Densities and Latencies. Disk Spanning. RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). RAID Level 0 Disk Striping. RAID Level 1 Disk Mirroring. RAID Level 2 Bit Interleaving of Data. Raid Level 3 Parallel Disk Array. RAID Level 4 Sector Interleaving. RAID Level 5 Block Interleaving. Criteria for Selecting a RAID System. Uses of Magnetic Storage in Multimedia. AV (Audio/Video) Ready Magnetic Drive. Optical Media. Optical Storage Densities and Latency. CD-ROM. CD-ROM Standards. Mini-Disk (MD). WORM Optical Drives. Rewriteable Optical Disk Technologies. Magneto-optical Technology. Phase Change Rewriteable Optical Disk. Dye Polymer Rewriteable Disk. Multifunction Drives. Hierarchical Storage Management. Permanent vs. Transient Storage Issues. Optical Disk Library (Jukebox). Hierarchical Storage Applications. Cache Management For Storage Systems. Low-Level Disk Caching. Cache Organization for Hierarchical Storage Systems. Cache Organization for Distributed Client-Server Systems. How Do Multimedia Applications Utilize Caches?

6. Architectural and Telecommunications Considerations.

Specialized Computational Processors. Custom Processing Chips. Digital Signal Processing. DSPs vs. Traditional Architectures. Memory Systems. Memory Types/Speed. Memory Organization. Multimedia Board Solutions. Dedicated Function Boards. Multifunction Boards. LAN/WAN Connectivity. Ethernet. FDDI II. Integrated Services Digital Network. Windows Telephony Architecture. ATM. WANs Based on Public Networks. LAN and WAN Devices. LANs and WANs for Enterprise Multimedia Applications. Distributed Object Models. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). Link Tracking. Distributed System Object Model (DSOM). Common Object Request Broker Architecture.

7. Multimedia Application Design.

Multimedia Application Classes. Game Systems. Multimedia Repositories. Interactive TV Using Set-Top Systems. Video/Phone Conferencing and Hypermedia Mail. Shared Workspaces and Execution Environments. Business Process Workflow Applications. Types of Multimedia Systems. Home/Entertainment Systems. Business Systems. Virtual Reality Design. Human Factors. Multimedia Inputs and Outputs. Virtual Reality Modeling. Virtual Reality Design Considerations. Components Of Multimedia Systems. Multimedia Input Systems. Multimedia Output Systems. Multimedia Storage Systems. Organizing Multimedia Databases. Multimedia Database Characteristics. Database Management Systems for Multimedia Systems. Application Workflow Design Issues. Document Image Management System Workflow. Workflow Issues for Multimedia Objects. Distributed Application Design Issues. Networking and Communications. Cache Storage Management. Compression and Decompression. Workflow Integration of Indexing and QC. Annotation.

8. Multimedia Authoring and User Interface.

Multimedia Authoring Systems. Design Issues for Multimedia Authoring. Design Approaches to Authoring. Types of Multimedia Authoring Systems. Multisource Multi-User Authoring Systems. Telephone Authoring Systems. Hypermedia Application Design Considerations. Integration of Applications. Common UI and Application Integration. Data Exchange. Distributed Data Access. Hypermedia Application Design. Structuring the Information. Attaching Sounds and Video Clips to Objects. User Interface Design. Navigation Through the Application. Designing User Interfaces. Special Metaphors for Multimedia Applications. The Organizer Metaphor. The Telephone Metaphor. Aural User Interface. The VCR Metaphor. Audio/Video Indexing Functions. Information Access. Object Display/Playback Issues. Image Display Issues. Audio Quality. Special Features for Video Playback. Video Frame Interleaving. Scene Change Frame Detection. Video Scaling, Panning, and Zooming. Three-Dimensional Object Display and VR.

9. Hypermedia Messaging.

Mobile Messaging. Hypermedia Message Components. Text Messages. Rich-Text Messages. Voice Messages. Full-Motion Video Management. Hypermedia Linking And Embedding. Linking in Hypertext Documents. Linking and Embedding: Definition. Creating Hypermedia Messages. Integrated Multimedia Message Standards. Vendor-Independent Messaging. MAPI Support. Telephony API. X400 Message Handling Service. X.500 Directory System Standards. Internet Messaging. Integrated Document Management.

10. Distributed Multimedia Systems.

Components of a Distributed Multimedia System. Application Software. Document Store. Image and Still Video Store. Audio and Full- Motion Video Store. Object Directory Service Agent. Component Service Agent. User Interface Service Agent. Distributed Client-Server Operation. Clients in Distributed WorkGroup Computing. Servers in Distributed Workgroup Computing. Database Operations. Middleware in Distributed Workgroup Computing. Multimedia Object Servers. Types of Multimedia Servers. Mass Storage for Multimedia Servers. Write-Once Read-Many Optical Disks. Rewritable Optical Disks. Optical Disk Libraries. Network Topologies for Multimedia Object Servers. Multiserver Network Topologies. Traditional LANs. Extended LANs. High-Speed LANs. WANs. Network Performance Issues. Distributed Multimedia Databases. Database Organization for Multimedia Applications. Transaction Management for Multimedia Systems. Managing Hypermedia Records as Objects. Managing Distributed Objects. Interserver Communications. Object Server Architecture. Object Identification. Object Revision Management. Optimizing Network Location of Objects. Object Directory Services. Multimedia Object Retrieval. Database Replication Techniques. Object Migration Schemes. Optimizing Object Storage.

11. System Design: Methodology and Considerations.

Fundamental Design Issues. Key Deliverables. Determining Enterprise Requirements. Technology Assessment. Business Information Model. Examining Current Architecture and Feasibility. Performance Analysis. Performance Analysis and Monitoring. Impact of Performance Issues on Design. Designing for Performance. Storage Management. Access Management and Optimization of Storage Distribution. Maximizing Network Transportation. Managing System Performance. Multimedia System Design. Systems Design Methodology. Designing System Objects. Object-Oriented Multimedia Systems. Designing Objects. System Design Analysis. System Extensibility.

12. Multimedia Systems Design Example.

Determining Enterprise Requirements. Business Model for IFC. Business Information Model for IFC. Application Functional Requirements Overview. Roles of Clients and Brokers. Functions Provided by the Application. Application Data. Architectural Recommendation and Technology Feasibility. Architectural Recommendations. Storage Requirements and Technology Feasibility. Modeling the Objects. Analyzing Performance Requirements. Design Considerations. Designing Storage Distribution. Optimizing Network Transportation.

Glossary.
Bibliography.
Index.

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