• The Information Technology Interaction model by Silver, Markus, and Beath
• The IS Success Model by DeLone and McLean

http://equity.stern.nyu.edu/~msilver/mbacore/itmodel.htm

The abstract of the paper is as follows: "This paper presents a teaching model we have used successfully in the MBA core course in Information Systems at several universities. The model is referred to as the "Information Technology Interaction Model" because it maintains that the consequences of information systems in organizations follow largely from the interaction of the technology with the organization and its environment. The model serves a number of pedagogical purposes: to integrate the various course components, to provide a formal foundation for the course content, to foster practical analytical skills, and to provide a framework for case discussions and student projects. Moreover, the model is intended to acquaint students with the dynamics of information systems in organizations and to help them recognize the benefits, dangers, and limitations of these systems. The paper includes a discussion and examples of how the model can be used for proactive and reactive analyses, and it concludes with observations on the model's effectiveness in the core course."

As summarized in Figure 3 of the paper, the ITI model presents the information system as being affected by three factors:

1. the organization (firm strategy, business processes, structure and culture, and IT infrastructure

2. the implementation process, consisting of four steps: initiation, build/buy, introduction, adaptation. (These four steps are conceptualized much like the full life cycle in Chapter 12 of the Information Systems, 3rd ed.)

3. the external environment and feedback from information system usage and its consequences.

The main difference between the ITI model and the WCA approach is that the ITI model is a framework for teaching about information systems, whereas the the WCA approach is the basis of a method for analyzing a particular information system as an integral part of a work system it supports. In the ITI model the information system is a separate entity . The WCA approach recognizes the overlap between information systems and work systems and views the elements of the work system as the starting point for analyzing any particular information system. The five WCA perspectives (architecture, performance, infrastructure, context, and risks) cover the ITI model's points about the organization and external environment. As is explained in Chapter 12 of the text, the WCA approach itself can be used to elaborate on the life cycle for a particular system, which the ITI model calls the implementation process.

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