Chapter 11: Self-Quiz Anticodon is the term applied to the list of amino acids corresponding to the genetic code the concept that multiple codons sometimes code for a single amino acid the part of the tRNA interacting with the codon the several three-nucleotide stretches that code for "Stop" the control mechanism of prokaryotic genes It is possible to take the cytoplasmic mRNA and reverse transcribe it into a complementary DNA (called cDNA). In contrast with genomic DNA (in the cell's nucleus) from a eukaryotic cell, the cDNA derived from the same gene would likely be shorter would contain introns would have histones bound to it would have condensed chromatin would be identical Eukaryotic DNA takes part directly in protein synthesis by leaving the nucleus and being translated on the ribosome takes part indirectly in protein synthesis; the DNA itself stays in the nucleus has nothing to do with protein synthesis; it is involved only in cell division is involved in protein synthesis, which takes place in the nucleus codes for mRNA but not tRNA or rRNA A single-stranded molecule that is assembled using DNA as a template and contains the information for assembly of a specific amino acid sequence in the cytoplasm is messenger RNA complementary DNA transfer RNA intron DNA ribosomal RNA Making a protein from a template of messenger RNA is catalyzed by DNA polymerase is catalyzed by RNA polymerase is called translation is called transcription utilizes the RNA exactly as it is copied from the eukaryotic DNA template The "one-gene one-enzyme" hypothesis concluded that: Each type of gene codes for a single type of protein. Specific enzymes give rise to specific genes. Only certain genes function in cells. Enzymes regulate gene activity. DNA --> RNA --> protein. What happens in the nucleus? transcription only assembly of amino acids into protein replication of genetic material transcription and replication of genetic material translation only What is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA, if the orginal DNA sequence is TAGGCTAA? ATCCGATT TAGGCTAA CGAAUCGG AATCGGAT AUCCGAUU Copying DNA information to RNA is called translation transformation replication transcription polymerization Protein synthesis occurs where? endoplasmic reticulum nucleus nucleolus ribosome eukaryotic chromosome How is each new amino acid attached to the growing chain? an ionic bond a physical bond hydrogen bonds an RNA bond a peptide bond Brain cells and muscle cells constuct different enzymes because: Blood cells contain only genes for blood cell proteins, and muscle cells contain only muscle protein genes. All cells of an organism have all genes. Not every gene acts in every type of cell. Blood cells have hemoglobin while muscle cells have microtubules. Red blood cells lack nuclei in mammals. The lactose operon is important to bacteria because the sugar lactose cannot be made unless the genes are turned on is the only sugar that bacteria can use is only rarely available; making enzymes continuously would be a waste of energy acts to turn off the system allows the cells to make ribosomes In order for a mutation to affect evolution, which cells must it affect? somatic cells prokaryotic cells diploid cells gametes eukaryotic cells Designed in cooperation with Andrew Stull and Steven Brunasso. Last Update - July 25, 1997 © Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Simon & Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Legal Statement
Designed in cooperation with Andrew Stull and Steven Brunasso. Last Update - July 25, 1997
Last Update - July 25, 1997
