Self-Quiz

Life on Earth Chapter 17 How Organisms Evolve
Self-Quiz

Genetic drift is a ________________ process.
1. random
2. directed
3. selection-driven
4. coevolutionary
5. uniformitarian
Most of the 700 species of fruit flies found in the Hawaiian archipelago are each restricted to a single island. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that each species diverged after a small number of flies had colonized a new island. This mechanism is called
1. sexual selection
2. genetic equilibrium
3. disruptive selection
4. the founder effect
5. assortative mating
You are studying leaf size in a natural population of plants. The second season is particularly dry, and the following year you find that the average leaf size in the population is smaller than the year before. But the amount of overall variation is the same, and the population size has not changed. Also, your experiments show that small leaves are better adapted to dry conditions. Which of the following has occurred?
1. genetic drift
2. directional selection
3. stabilizing selection
4. disruptive selection
5. the founder effect
You have bacteria thriving in your gastrointestinal tract. This is an example of
1. inclusive fitness
2. balanced polymorphism
3. symbiosis
4. kin selection
5. altruism
Lamarckian evolution could occur:
1. If each gene had only one allele.
2. If individuals had different phenotypes.
3. If the genotype was altered by the same environmental changes that altered the phenotype.
4. If the phenotype was altered by the environment.
5. under none of these conditions
Of the following possibilities, the best way to estimate the Darwinian fitness of an organism is to measure the
1. size of its offspring
2. number of eggs it produces
3. number of eggs it produces over its lifetime
4. number of offspring it produces over its lifetime
5. number of offspring it produces over its lifetime that survive to breed
Natural selection selects for or against
1. genotypes
2. phenotypes
3. gene pools
4. populations
5. all of these
Evolution is defined as
1. a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
2. a change in form of an organism
3. a change in the genetic makeup of an organism
4. an organism growing into another type of organism
5. one species diverging into two species
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation characterizing a population, "2pq" represents the frequency of
1. homozygous dominant individuals
2. heterozygous individuals
3. homozygous recessive individuals
4. recessive alleles
5. dominant alleles
Flightless birds on many islands are becoming endangered due to the introduction of predators like house cats; therefore:
1. The birds will re-evolve the ability to fly.
2. The birds will learn to use their wings for flight again.
3. The birds that are faster or more cryptic (camouflaged) will be selected for.
4. a and c
5. all of these
Small mice-like creatures have been noted to travel across frozen lakes and establish populations on previously uninhabited islands. This is an example of
1. genetic drift
2. founder effect
3. population bottleneck
4. coevolution
5. divergent evolution
Population bottlenecks, like the one affecting the cheetah population, are dangerous to a population because:
1. Inbreeding depression often results.
2. Genetic variability is lost.
3. The potential for evolution is decreased.
4. a and b
5. all of these
A peacock's beautiful tail is really a trade-off between
1. kin selection and natural selection
2. natural selection and genetic drift
3. sexual selection and artificial selection
4. directional selection and natural selection
5. natural selection and sexual selection
The songs of frogs and birds in the spring have evolved as a result of
1. kin selection
2. genetic drift
3. sexual selection
4. group selection
5. natural selection
The most intense competition is between
1. individuals of the same species
2. populations of the same species
3. individuals of different species
4. dogs and cats
5. predators and prey

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