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Holland's Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations
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Type
Personality Characteristics
Congruent Occupation
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Realistic: Prefers physical
activities that require skill,
strength, and coordination
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Shy, genuine, persistent, stable,
conforming, practical
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Mechanic, drill press operator,
assembly-line worker, farmer
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Investigative: Prefers activities
that involve thinking,
organizing, and understanding
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Analytical, original, curious,
independent
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Biologist, economist,
mathematician, news reporter
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Social: Prefers activities that
involve helping and
developing others
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Sociable, friendly, cooperative,
understanding
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Social workers, teacher,
counselor, clinical psychologist
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Conventional: Prefers rule-
regulated, orderly, and
unambiguous activities
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Conforming, efficient, practical,
unimaginative, inflexible
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Accountant, corporate
manager, bank teller, file clerk
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Enterprising: Prefers verbal
activities in which there are
opportunities to influence
others and attain power
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Self-confident, ambitious,
energetic, domineering
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Lawyer, real estate agent,
public relations specialist, small
business manager
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Artistic: Prefers ambiguous and
unsystematic activities that
allow creative expression
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Imaginative, disorderly, idealistic,
emotional, impractical
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Painter, musician, writer,
interior decorator
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the most incongruent situation possible. The key points of this model are that
(1) there do appear to be intrinsic differences in personality among individuals,
(2) there are different types of jobs, and (3) people in job environments congru-
ent with their personality types should be more satisfied and less likely to volun-
tarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs.
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Relationships among Occupational Personality Types
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Source: Reprinted by special permission of the publisher,
Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., from Making Vocational
Choices, Copyright 1973, 1985, 1992 by Psychological Assessment
Resources, Inc. All rights reserved.
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